In Bhutan, art is not just a form of expression but an integral part of the country’s culture. Steeped in rich tradition and heritage, Bhutanese art reflects the unique identity and spiritual essence. From vibrant thangka paintings adorning monastery walls to intricate woodcarvings embellishing sacred temples, every brushstroke and chisel mark tells a story. Explore the diverse realms of Bhutanese art, from the ancient techniques of traditional painting and sculpture to the contemporary expressions of emerging artists.
Established by the Government of Bhutan in 1971, the National Institute for Zorig Chusum operates in Thimphu and Trashi Yangtse, dedicated to preserving and advancing traditional arts within contemporary Bhutanese society. Zorig Chusum, meaning “Thirteen Crafts,” encompasses a range of artistic disciplines taught at the institute. These include Traditional Painting (Lhazo), Sculpturing (Jinzo), Wood Carving (Shagzo), Calligraphy (Yigzo), Paper making (Dezo), Bronze Casting (Lugzo), Embroidery (Tshemazo), Weaving (Thagzo), Carpentry (Parzo), Masonry (Dozo), Bamboo and cane weaving (Tshazo), Gold/Silver Smithy (Trozo), and Black smithy (Garzo).
This comprehensive list of crafts traces its origins to the late 17th century, under the reign of the 4th Temporal Ruler Desi Tenzin Rabgye. It represents the amalgamation of arts essential to religious and administrative codes established by Shabdrung Ngwang Namgyel, who played a pivotal role in shaping Bhutan’s distinct cultural identity, diverging from mainstream Tibetan influences. Influenced by Buddhism, Bhutanese traditional art evolved into a medium not just for artistic expression but also for reflecting cultural values and beliefs. Zorig Chusum crafts serve as unique examples of Bhutanese artistry, embodying symbolism and cultural communication.
At the National Institute, students undergo rigorous training lasting 4-6 years, honing their skills in their chosen craft. The products crafted at the institute are showcased and available for purchase at markets in Thimphu, providing a glimpse into Bhutan’s rich artistic heritage and supporting the continuation of traditional craftsmanship.
Voluntary Artists Studio, Thimphu, popularly known as VAST was set up in 1998 by a group of professional artists as a non-for-profit organization with the primary aim to provide opportunity to the Bhutanese youth to participate and develop their potential artistic talents especially in contemporary art, develop sense of social responsibilities through community services and also to explore art as a vocation.
VAST Bhutan pursues these goals by:
VAST Bhutan grew in its reach and influence in the Country and in 2014 became a Civil Society Organisation.
The Jungshi paper factory, situated around 1 km from Thimphu City and across from the Centenary farmers market, specializes in producing traditional Deh-sho paper. Utilizing the bark of the Daphne and Dekap trees, this handmade paper preserves ancient techniques.
Visitors can witness the intricate papermaking process firsthand at the factory, which was established in 1990 to uphold this tradition and facilitate commercialization. Originally used by monks for prayer texts and manuscripts, these papers are now exported to various countries including the US, Europe, Japan, India, and Nepal.
Additionally, the factory features a small shop offering a variety of products crafted from the handmade paper, such as books, greeting cards, paper bags, and lampshades.